In water treatment…

These models simulate how wastewater is treated before reuse or release, covering processes such as screening, sedimentation, activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, nutrient removal, and various filtration methods including sand and membrane filtration.

These models represent how raw water is purified for safe consumption, including coagulation, flocculation, multiple stages of filtration (sand, carbon, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis), disinfection, ion exchange, and remineralization.